It is well-known that the concept of AI was initialised by the Turing Test mental experiment. It is interesting to see that we have no specific definition or measurement of “how intelligent” the AI is. Instead, we measure the AI from the outside, i.e. whether humans can differentiate the “behaviour” of AI from that of humans. The philosophy of such outside measurement of AI could be traced by Edmund Husserl.
In contrast to the Turing test, the other major contribution of Alan Turing, i.e. the Turing machine is based on the theory of logic established by Ludwig Wittgenstein. Any contemporary systems that are proved to be “Turing complete” equivalent to a paper stripe and an operator putting on or erasing holes.